What difference does it make that production is capitalist production Essay

What difference does it make that production is capitalist production - Essay Example The term "Capitalist" was first used in 1848 by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels in the Communist Manifesto in the famous sentence: "Modern Industry has converted the little workshop of the patriarchal master into the great factory of the industrial capitalist"1. According to the Houghton Mifflin Company, capitalism can be defined as follow: "An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits gained in a free market."2 The capitalist production is a system where the owners of money capital - referred as capitalists - hire labor to work in the production process. The capitalists gather within a corporation where they own shares. The decision process can be made by only one of them - commonly the one that owns the largest amount of shares - or they can appoint a manager who will take the decisions regarding the production for them. The output produced as well as the fixed and circulating capital goods used in the production and the residual of the value of output over total costs, including labor costs belong to the capitalists. As the capitalist process is based on the amount of capital, if the capitalists need additional capital - more than what they own - they can borrow from lenders and retain a part of the profit from previous years to use it as capital this year. Cooperative Production Even though Karl Marx was historically the first opponent to capitalism, he's the one in the Capital3 who gave the best explanation of its mechanisms. He also provided an alternative to the capital based mode of production: cooperatives. He did not actually present this alternative as we know it today but gave the main grouds of its creation. It is why usually cooperatives are associated with socialist and communist regimes. It is Robert Owen, a Welshman, who is the known creator of the cooperative movement in the nineteenth century. The most common definition of a cooperative is an organization which is owned by and operated for the benefit of those using its services.4 In other words a group of workers gather in order to set up a production process. Each of them participates in the production process, has shares and voting rights. In a cooperative, workers make common decisions or choose a manager to take the decisions regarding the production process. As in the capitalist production, the members of a cooperative can borrow money from lenders if they can not provide a sufficient amount of capital to the production process or retain a part of the net income from previous years to use it as capital this year. The main difference between capitalist production and a cooperative one is that the owners of the cooperative participate in the production process. They are not separated from the activity which is the case in the capitalist model. And mainly, they benefit from the entire production. They are not only paid for their labor but

International Environmental Management and Sustainability Assignment

International Environmental Management and Sustainability - Assignment Example It actually refers to the idea of being aware of one’s responsibilities towards one’s own surrounding environment so that, with the combination of individual efforts, the overall atmosphere of the planet may be improved greatly. There could never be a better platform for the start of such efforts other than a university which holds the interests of the majority of an area’s people. Anglia Ruskin University is one such educational institute that is actively participating and cooperating in the greening of the earth’s atmosphere. ... to be limited to its own energy resources so that to minimize waste and carbon emission for which it will also initiate â€Å"progressive waste management procedures† supported by recycling methods and less-fuel-consumption measures e.g., walk rather than car-driving for short distances (ARU, 2011). 3. For this purpose, awareness is to be raised through campaigns and posters among the staff and students; and such practices are to be monitored regularly through setting of ecological targets and evaluation of reports. The inclusion of such activities in curriculum is highly recommended. 4. One important step to be taken in this regard is to maintain cost-effective methods to ensure wildlife and biodiversity, and to avoid huge expenses in the name of futile luxuries (ARU, 2008). Green Impact Award This award is an initiative of the Environmental Association for Universities and Colleges that is abbreviated as ‘eauc’. It invites the zealous individuals from each unive rsity department to participate in a number of practical activities which are recorded in a workbook i.e., â€Å"†¦a workbook with practical, easy to implement and no or low cost actions to complete† (eauc, 2011). Each of the workbooks is specially designed for the particular university that participates. Initially the participants are asked to complete 20 Bronze activities while Silver, Gold and Bonus are optional. Once completing a Bronze, the participating team can move to Silver also. After the completion of these workbooks, volunteers are sent to each department to verify the tasks done, and in the end, a celebration is held to â€Å"†¦promote the achievements of those departments taking part through an awards ceremony† (eauc, 2011). Thus, Green Impact Award is a bottom-up project that aims to support

Scarlet Letter Essays -- essays research papers fc

Similarities in the works of Nathaniel Hawthorne The Ambitious Guest is a short story bye Nathaniel Hawthorne that presents deadly irony. Residing in a notch in the mountains of New Hampshire, a cottage sits on the side of a steep mountain. In the house lives a family whose contacts with the rest of the world are from the travelers that pass by. One night when the family was huddled by the fire, a traveler stopped by. The family was happy to have a guest and the guest was happy to have people to talk to. The stranger, normally a quiet person, revealed his desires about life and death. The stranger wanted to be known and to have someone to love him and grieve of his death. The family agreed with him and they all talked about how nice it would be to live in a small town and get to know all the people living in the town. They then started talking about death and how they want to die with people remembering them when suddenly there is an avalanche. They all run out of the house and get killed by the falling rocks. The rocks completely missed the house but the people were never found in the rubble around the house. Most writers have a style in which they write and they follow this style through all their works. Nathaniel Hawthorne is no exception to this. In the Scarlet Letter and in The Ambitious Guest Hawthorne uses the same writing style for both so they have many similarities. Some of these similarities include references to symbols such as the forest, death, solitude and li...

Magnesium: Chlorine and Hydrogen Moles

ATOMIC WEIGHT OF MAGNESIUM LAB Introduction The main purpose for this experimental lab is to determine the atomic weight of magnesium, as well as an underlying purpose in determining the relationship between moles evolved and consumed. This can be demonstrated by measuring the hydrogen gas evolved by performing a chemical experiment when hydrochloric acid reacts with the magnesium. The formulated reaction includes; Mg + 2HCl > H2 + Mg2+(aq) + 2Cl- (aq)The major findings contributing to the experiment is being able to determine and distinguish what moles have evolved thus being the hydrogen moles evolved allowing the magnesium to be consumed within the reaction. Procedure Step 1: Obtain a 600 mL beaker, and add 300 mL of water. Step 2: Add 30 mL of HCl (2M) to the beaker, and stir. Step 3. Add 10 mg of magnesium metal to the beaker. Step 4. Allow the hydrogen gas to evolve. All of the magnesium should be consumed. Step 5. Record the amount of hydrogen gas that has evolved using the ch emical property dialog.Observations and Results Moles of hydrogen evolved: 0. 000411 (4. 11 x 10-4th) moles of H2 evolved Calculated atomic weight of magnesium: Weight of Mg /moles of H2 evolved [24. 305g/mol / 0. 000411 = 59,136. 25 g/mol of Mg] As I continued with my experiment I came across a few observations that are important to bring to attention. As I added 10 mg of magnesium to the beaker of HCl, a shaded area appeared at the bottom of the beaker. Directly after, bubbles formed in the same beaker thus indicating the Mg was being consumed. DiscussionThe moles of hydrogen gas that have evolved during the experiment resulted in 0. 000411. The calculated atomic weight of magnesium is determined by the formula of; atomic weight of Mg (in grams)=weight of Mg consumed (in grams) / moles of H2 evolved, therefore the equation should be similar to this; [24. 305g/mol / 0. 000411 = 59,136. 25 g/mol of Mg]. This experiment is clearly a branch of stoichiometry because a reaction takes pl ace and it is the duty of the student to calculate or determine the relative atomic mass of Magnesium. The relationship between reactants and products

What Do Grad Schools Look for in Students

What do graduate admissions committees look for in potential grad students? Understanding what graduate schools look for in applicants is the first step to tailoring your experiences and application to make yourself irresistible to the graduate programs of your dreams.   An admissions committees goal is to identify applicants who will become good researchers and leaders in their field and on campus. In other words, admissions committees try to select the most promising students. They want students who have the ability to become an excellent graduate student and professional. The Ideal Grad Student The ideal graduate student is gifted, eager to learn, and highly motivated. He or she can work independently and take direction and constructive criticism without becoming upset or overly sensitive. Faculty look for students who are hard workers, want to collaborate with faculty, are responsible and easy to work with, and who are a good fit with the program. The best graduate students complete the program on time, with distinction—and excel in the professional world. Some return to become professors at their alma mater. Of course, these are ideals. Most graduate students have some of these characteristics, but few will have all. Criteria Weighed by Admissions Committees   Now that you know the standard that graduate faculty are looking for in selecting new graduate students, lets look at how faculty weigh the various criteria for admission. Unfortunately, there is no simple answer; each graduate admissions committee is a bit different. Generally speaking, the following criteria are important to most admissions committees: Undergraduate GPA (especially the last two years of college)Graduate Record Exam (GRE) scoresRecommendation lettersPersonal statement/essay Sure, you knew these things were important, but lets talk more about why and the part they play in admissions decisions. Grade Point Average (GPA) Grades are important not as a sign of intelligence, but instead, grades are a long-term indicator of how well you perform your job as student. They reflect your motivation and your ability to do consistently good or bad work. Not all grades are the same, though. Admissions committees understand that applicants grade point averages often cannot be compared meaningfully. Grades can differ among universities—an A at one university may be a B at another. Also, grades differ among professors in the same university. Admissions committees try to take these things into account when examining applicants GPAs. They also look at the courses taken: a B in Advanced Statistics may be worth more than an A in Introduction to Social Problems. In other words, they consider the context of the GPA ... where was it obtained and of what courses is it comprised? In many cases, its better to have a lower GPA composed of solid challenging courses than a high GPA based on easy courses like Basket Weavi ng for Beginners and the like. GRE Scores Clearly, applicants grade point averages are difficult to compare. This is where Graduate Record Exam (GRE) scores come in. Whereas grade point averages are not standardized (there are enormous differences in how professors within a department, university, or country grade student work), the GRE is. Your GRE scores provide information about how you rank among your peers (thats why its important to do your best!). Although GRE scores are standardized, departments dont weigh them in a standardized way. How a department or admissions committee evaluates GRE scores varies;  some use them as cutoffs to eliminate applicants, some use them as criteria for research assistantships and other forms of funding, some look to GRE scores to offset weak GPAs, and some admissions committees will overlook poor GRE scores if applicants demonstrate significant strengths in other areas. Letters of Recommendation Usually, admissions committees begin the evaluation process by considering GPA and GRE scores (or those of other standardized tests). These quantitative measures only tell a small part of an applicants story. Letters of recommendation provide a context within which to consider an applicants numerical scores. Therefore its important that the faculty who write your letters of recommendation know you well so that they can discuss the person behind the GPA and GRE scores. Generally speaking, letters written by professors known to committee members tend to carry more weight than those written by unknowns. Letters written by well-known people in the field, if they signify that they know you well and think highly of you, can be very helpful in moving your application towards the top of the list. Personal Statement The personal statement, also known as the admissions essay,  is your chance to introduce yourself, speak directly to the admissions committee, and provide information that doesnt appear elsewhere in your application. Faculty read personal statements very closely because they reveal lots of information about applicants. Your essay is an indicator of your writing ability, motivation, ability to express yourself, maturity, passion for the field, and judgment. Admissions committees read essays with the intent to learn more about applicants, to determine if they have the qualities and attitudes needed for success, and to weed out applicants who dont fit the program.

Plato s Allegory Of Cave - 1979 Words

Janeva Walters December 6, 2016 Dr. T. Brady ENG 391 Plato’s Allegory of Cave The allegory of the cave is regarded as one of the most reputed and acclaimed works by the Greek philosopher Plato in modern literature as well as philosophy. First published and presented in his work known as a Republic (514a–520a), the dialogues that have been used as conversation can be regarded as fictitious as the main conversation takes place between Plato’s brother Glaucon and Socrates. First and foremost, allegorical writing is a type of writing that has two sets of meanings, one which can be assumed as literal and the other one is allegorical. Although this piece was written long before my time, the underlying message it intends to convey is still relevant today. Our society is trapped in a cave. To begin with, the literal meaning is the content or subject matter, whereas, the allegorical meaning is one which can only be understood by developing a greater sense of understanding regarding symbols and metaphors that have been used in the writing. In this work, Plato symbolized the existence of the world as a cave. The cave is very dark and people that are in it can hardly see anything (Bachelors and Masters, 2016). Also, inside the cave are people who are held captive with chains tied to their neck and feet, which makes their movement extremely difficult and virtually impossible. At the same time, Plato also talks about the world that lies outside the cave. However, between these twoShow MoreRelatedPlato s Allegory Of The Cave1716 Words   |  7 PagesIn Plato’s, Allegory of the cave, a key theory I found was the importance of education. Plato uses an â€Å"allegory to illustrate the dilemma facing the psyche in the ascent to knowledge of the imperishable and unchanging forms† (104) Based on my research of the republic, the allegory can reveal multiple hidden messages. Plato describes, ordinary mortals are chained within an underground chamber, which according to Fiero, represents the psyche imprisoned within the human body. These mortals can’t lookRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1814 Words   |  8 PagesIn Plato’s, â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, a key t heory I found was the importance of gaining knowledge. Plato uses an â€Å"allegory to illustrate the dilemma facing the psyche in the ascent to knowledge of the imperishable and unchanging forms† (Fiero, 104). Based on my research of the Republic, the allegory can reveal multiple hidden messages. Plato describes in the Allegory, ordinary mortals who are chained within an underground chamber, which according to Fiero, represents the psyche imprisoned within theRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1379 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen in a cave? Caves are dark, cold, and often times dangerous. People who lose their source of light in a cave often face death from physical injury or hypothermia, unless otherwise rescued. The Greek philosopher Plato illustrated the difference between reality and illusion through a story about prisoners who lived their entire existence in a cave. Plato tells the â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† as a conversation between Socrates, his mentor, and Glauc on, one of Socrates’ students. Plato’s allegory of theRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagescondition impressed by an image can sometimes like as a flame, spreading throughout other discourses for long after its initial kindling. Such is the case with Plato s allegory of the cave, which has for over 2,500 years inspired significant contributions to theorizations of truth. Despite the age of Plato s work, the truth in the allegory is demonstrated by its own universality; as a formative piece of literature, the story acts as a gateway into Western discourses of truth. Truth remains an elusiveRead MorePlato s The Allegory Of The Cave1965 Words   |  8 PagesIn this paper I shall argue for Socrates’ notion in the Allegory of the Cave, saying that the purpose of education is not to place knowledge to the mind where there was none, but instead to recognise the already underlying existence of such insight inside the mind, and to help d ivert the ones in need of teaching onto the correct path to find and retrieve such knowledge. Plato in his time was a dedicated student of Socrates, so most of Socrates â€Å"logos† and concepts heavily influenced Plato’s futureRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave910 Words   |  4 Pagesnature within them to reach their potential. Allegory is to reveal a hidden meaning, normally a moral, based on fictional stories. Plato Allegory of the Cave reminds us that the theory of Forms is real and suggests that the one with the empirical science would share his mind with the commoner in society. We must grasp the complex different types of Forms – opinion, knowledge and beauty really meant for Plato. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, Plato talks about dualism, mind (soul) and body. InRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesflesh to satisfy the god (Ahmed 2010). All of these civilizations were interactive with their environment, but imagine if one knew only of the reality they believed inside of a cave not experiencing e vents within the real world. In Plato’s, Allegory of the Cave, he describes the scenario of prisoners kept isolated in a cave left to come up with a reality that they comprehended with the images that they saw in front of them. This applies especially to politics, because people are left to decipherRead MoreAnalyzing Plato s Allegory Of The Cave874 Words   |  4 PagesI’ll be analyzing Plato’s Allegory of the Cave through my own interpretation. An allegory is defined as â€Å"a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.† In Plato’s Republic the short excerpt The Allegory of the Cave can be viewed through multiple perspectives. Plato’s image of the cave is known as the â€Å"theory of forms†¦ The theory assumes the existence of a level of reality inhabited by ideal â€Å"forms† of all things and concepts (Revelations:Read MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Ess ay1842 Words   |  8 Pagesto find pieces about importance of our ego as well. Plato is one of the most important philosophers in western history. That brings us a question, why ego is such significant for both western and eastern philosophers and religious works? Sigmund Freud, who carried on Plato’s thinking on humanity and our society, pointed out what Plato has vaguely discussed about that the significance and impact the ego has on us. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, what the prisoners are actually experiencing the fightRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1217 Words   |  5 Pagesthe other persons and sometimes that can get a little out of hand, depending on who you are dealing with. I guess the major point in all this is to never judge a book by its cover, always learn yourself. In Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, there are these prisoners that live in a cave and have never seen any natural sunlight. They can only see shadows of things displayed on the wall by the light coming from the fire. The prisoners get happy and interested by the shadows they see. The shadows could

The Argument Against the Health Care Reform Law - 1048 Words

Healthcare in a Bundle People getting taxed on their hard earned money may be going to people who need it or to those who do not. The Healthcare reform law is not a reasonable solution for people who cannot afford or do not have private health insurance. The healthcare reform law has been the center of a heated debate for some time now within the House and the Senate. The Obama administration has been pushing healthcare reform since its beginnings in 2008 and has finally pushed the law through Congress. This was a difficult process simply because some of the members of Congress wanted the Supreme Court to judge if the healthcare law was constitutional. The Supreme Court however did not side with these members of Congress. They ruled†¦show more content†¦Such as how it might cost a person with insurance a $100 or more to get a checkup. The reason this was so was simply so the hospital could cover for people who did not have insurance or could not afford it. Now since the heal thcare reform law has been passed and people will now all be eligible for insurance whether if they can afford it or not. These high prices on checkups and other things at the doctor would seem to be no longer needed since everyone will have insurance. In that case how is it certain that doctors previous incomes will remain the same throughout this change? Will the new insurance policies still cover the prices that doctors previously charged for their services? This is not known yet and still remains a big question as to if doctors will make the same as they did before the healthcare reform law. Another big issue with the new healthcare reform law is that it is given in the form of a tax. Many people are fine with their money going to help people who cannot find work or Alexander 4 cannot work at all. There are many people however that most people do not want their money going to. These people are the type who may abuse the system and live off of it without trying to find work. However, the affirmative side has some counterarguments for the reasons why the concerns listed above are invalid. The opposing side may say that the healthcare reform law does not hurt states rights because it still gives states theShow MoreRelatedObamacare Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesstate-run healthcare system with compulsory health insurance for state residents, but states could choose whether to participate. The federal government would provide some subsidies and set minimum standards that the state had to adhere by. While the proposal did not pass, the idea of universal healthcare coverage for everyone stuck. Since Roosevelt, every single Democratic President elected into office has attempted to pass a version of universal health care, but none have achieved the fea t. That isRead MoreThe Issue Of The Affordable Care Act Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe Issue of the Affordable Care Act The affordable care act (ACA) or the Obama health care reform has been a topic of great concern in today’s health care. In March 23rd 2010 President Obama signed the health care legistration (Obama Care) into law. The passage of the law affected different many issues in the lives of Americans. Socially, it was a great law due to the facts that individuals that cannot afford health care would have access to health care regardless of preexisting conditions andRead MoreThe Patient Protection Affordable Care Act879 Words   |  4 Pages Affordable Care Act, by definition, is â€Å"a social contract of health care solidarity through private ownership, markets, choice, and individual responsibility. While some might regard this contract as the unnatural union of opposites—solidarity on the one hand and markets, choice, and individual responsibility on the other,† (Baker 1579). The primary conflict that exists with PPACA is a segmented population of American businesses will have to increase spending to provide the health insurance, aRead MoreUniversal Health Care1668 Words   |  7 Pageshealthcare to the society. It will be difficult to imagine life without health care. Health care today has become a serious issues, and concern because the vast medical costs. The private insurances company denying treatment bills and these have become the concern of the government of United State. The Government has been trying to reform the health care by introducing a universal health care system. A system whereby a basic health needs, can be given to people without denying and pay the cost. ButRead MoreHealth Care Reform Debate the Pluralistic Prespective1049 Words   |  5 PagesAna Sakalis SOC 335 Prof. K. Bentele February 24, 2012 Health Care Reform Debate The Pluralistic Perspective In this paper I will explain how the portion of the health care debate I chose would be classified under this pluralist framework of government. First I will explain the definition of the pluralist view of how government is structured. Then I will explain a bit of what portion of the healthcare reform under president Obama’s administration I chose to write about and in conclusionRead MoreAn Evaluation Of Fallacies Of A Fox News Editorial1640 Words   |  7 Pagesresult, the cost of medical care is higher than the other countries. With that said, due to ever increasing costs, healthcare reform has been an issue for the past two decades. In order to lower the cost of healthcare, President Obama introduced revolutionary changes. ObamaCare is the unofficial name for The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, a health reform law signed on March 23, 2010 by President Barack Obama (DeMichele). According to ObamaCare, â€Å"the Affordable Care Act does lots of importantRead M oreThe Patient Protection Affordable Care Act Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesProtection and Affordable Care Act, more commonly known as Obamacare, was passed in June of 2010 by the Supreme Court (Doyle 1). Georges C. Benjamin, MD, the executive director of the Public Health Association says: The new law will guarantee millions of Americans access to quality, affordable care regardless of health status; decrease rates of the nation’s leading chronic diseases; control soaring health spending; and strengthen our battered public health infrastructure†¦ Health reform and its historic investmentRead MoreEssay about Health Care Reform1520 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Universal Health Care System One of the most long-standing health care systems was originated in Germany in 1889 by Otto von Bismarck’s social legislation. Its included bills were the Health Insurance Bill 1883, Old Age and Disability Insurance Bill of 1889, and Accident Insurance Bill of 1883. The National Insurance Act of 1911 in Britain covered most people employed. It also financed dependents if families had contributed for at least five years. This coverage lasted whether familiesRead MoreEssay on The Affordable Care Act963 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the inception of ACA that is Affordable Care Act on March 23, 2010 various policies and regulations has been proposed which has more controversy (www.healthcapital.com, 2013). Affordable health act has impact on the stakeholders in different manner. The main concern in the medical field is the input cost which is increasing continuously. This is the biggest challenge for the US government as the increasing cost makes it impossible for the government to allocate appropriate resources in managingRead MoreThe Landmark New Plan A Good Idea?1539 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction In this article, â€Å"Health Care Reform; Is the landmark new plan a good idea?†, written by Marcia Clemmitt, makes an appeal about the Health Care Reform Act, also known as the Affordable Care Act. She includes opinions from the critics, as well as supporters to help establish and give facts from both views to help citizens decide on the new act. Most of these critics and supporters decisions are politically based and not formed on personal issues (hopefully). The genre of this article