Plato s Allegory Of Cave - 1979 Words

Janeva Walters December 6, 2016 Dr. T. Brady ENG 391 Plato’s Allegory of Cave The allegory of the cave is regarded as one of the most reputed and acclaimed works by the Greek philosopher Plato in modern literature as well as philosophy. First published and presented in his work known as a Republic (514a–520a), the dialogues that have been used as conversation can be regarded as fictitious as the main conversation takes place between Plato’s brother Glaucon and Socrates. First and foremost, allegorical writing is a type of writing that has two sets of meanings, one which can be assumed as literal and the other one is allegorical. Although this piece was written long before my time, the underlying message it intends to convey is still relevant today. Our society is trapped in a cave. To begin with, the literal meaning is the content or subject matter, whereas, the allegorical meaning is one which can only be understood by developing a greater sense of understanding regarding symbols and metaphors that have been used in the writing. In this work, Plato symbolized the existence of the world as a cave. The cave is very dark and people that are in it can hardly see anything (Bachelors and Masters, 2016). Also, inside the cave are people who are held captive with chains tied to their neck and feet, which makes their movement extremely difficult and virtually impossible. At the same time, Plato also talks about the world that lies outside the cave. However, between these twoShow MoreRelatedPlato s Allegory Of The Cave1716 Words   |  7 PagesIn Plato’s, Allegory of the cave, a key theory I found was the importance of education. Plato uses an â€Å"allegory to illustrate the dilemma facing the psyche in the ascent to knowledge of the imperishable and unchanging forms† (104) Based on my research of the republic, the allegory can reveal multiple hidden messages. Plato describes, ordinary mortals are chained within an underground chamber, which according to Fiero, represents the psyche imprisoned within the human body. These mortals can’t lookRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1814 Words   |  8 PagesIn Plato’s, â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, a key t heory I found was the importance of gaining knowledge. Plato uses an â€Å"allegory to illustrate the dilemma facing the psyche in the ascent to knowledge of the imperishable and unchanging forms† (Fiero, 104). Based on my research of the Republic, the allegory can reveal multiple hidden messages. Plato describes in the Allegory, ordinary mortals who are chained within an underground chamber, which according to Fiero, represents the psyche imprisoned within theRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1379 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen in a cave? Caves are dark, cold, and often times dangerous. People who lose their source of light in a cave often face death from physical injury or hypothermia, unless otherwise rescued. The Greek philosopher Plato illustrated the difference between reality and illusion through a story about prisoners who lived their entire existence in a cave. Plato tells the â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† as a conversation between Socrates, his mentor, and Glauc on, one of Socrates’ students. Plato’s allegory of theRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagescondition impressed by an image can sometimes like as a flame, spreading throughout other discourses for long after its initial kindling. Such is the case with Plato s allegory of the cave, which has for over 2,500 years inspired significant contributions to theorizations of truth. Despite the age of Plato s work, the truth in the allegory is demonstrated by its own universality; as a formative piece of literature, the story acts as a gateway into Western discourses of truth. Truth remains an elusiveRead MorePlato s The Allegory Of The Cave1965 Words   |  8 PagesIn this paper I shall argue for Socrates’ notion in the Allegory of the Cave, saying that the purpose of education is not to place knowledge to the mind where there was none, but instead to recognise the already underlying existence of such insight inside the mind, and to help d ivert the ones in need of teaching onto the correct path to find and retrieve such knowledge. Plato in his time was a dedicated student of Socrates, so most of Socrates â€Å"logos† and concepts heavily influenced Plato’s futureRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave910 Words   |  4 Pagesnature within them to reach their potential. Allegory is to reveal a hidden meaning, normally a moral, based on fictional stories. Plato Allegory of the Cave reminds us that the theory of Forms is real and suggests that the one with the empirical science would share his mind with the commoner in society. We must grasp the complex different types of Forms – opinion, knowledge and beauty really meant for Plato. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, Plato talks about dualism, mind (soul) and body. InRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesflesh to satisfy the god (Ahmed 2010). All of these civilizations were interactive with their environment, but imagine if one knew only of the reality they believed inside of a cave not experiencing e vents within the real world. In Plato’s, Allegory of the Cave, he describes the scenario of prisoners kept isolated in a cave left to come up with a reality that they comprehended with the images that they saw in front of them. This applies especially to politics, because people are left to decipherRead MoreAnalyzing Plato s Allegory Of The Cave874 Words   |  4 PagesI’ll be analyzing Plato’s Allegory of the Cave through my own interpretation. An allegory is defined as â€Å"a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.† In Plato’s Republic the short excerpt The Allegory of the Cave can be viewed through multiple perspectives. Plato’s image of the cave is known as the â€Å"theory of forms†¦ The theory assumes the existence of a level of reality inhabited by ideal â€Å"forms† of all things and concepts (Revelations:Read MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave Ess ay1842 Words   |  8 Pagesto find pieces about importance of our ego as well. Plato is one of the most important philosophers in western history. That brings us a question, why ego is such significant for both western and eastern philosophers and religious works? Sigmund Freud, who carried on Plato’s thinking on humanity and our society, pointed out what Plato has vaguely discussed about that the significance and impact the ego has on us. In Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, what the prisoners are actually experiencing the fightRead MorePlato s Allegory Of The Cave1217 Words   |  5 Pagesthe other persons and sometimes that can get a little out of hand, depending on who you are dealing with. I guess the major point in all this is to never judge a book by its cover, always learn yourself. In Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, there are these prisoners that live in a cave and have never seen any natural sunlight. They can only see shadows of things displayed on the wall by the light coming from the fire. The prisoners get happy and interested by the shadows they see. The shadows could

The Argument Against the Health Care Reform Law - 1048 Words

Healthcare in a Bundle People getting taxed on their hard earned money may be going to people who need it or to those who do not. The Healthcare reform law is not a reasonable solution for people who cannot afford or do not have private health insurance. The healthcare reform law has been the center of a heated debate for some time now within the House and the Senate. The Obama administration has been pushing healthcare reform since its beginnings in 2008 and has finally pushed the law through Congress. This was a difficult process simply because some of the members of Congress wanted the Supreme Court to judge if the healthcare law was constitutional. The Supreme Court however did not side with these members of Congress. They ruled†¦show more content†¦Such as how it might cost a person with insurance a $100 or more to get a checkup. The reason this was so was simply so the hospital could cover for people who did not have insurance or could not afford it. Now since the heal thcare reform law has been passed and people will now all be eligible for insurance whether if they can afford it or not. These high prices on checkups and other things at the doctor would seem to be no longer needed since everyone will have insurance. In that case how is it certain that doctors previous incomes will remain the same throughout this change? Will the new insurance policies still cover the prices that doctors previously charged for their services? This is not known yet and still remains a big question as to if doctors will make the same as they did before the healthcare reform law. Another big issue with the new healthcare reform law is that it is given in the form of a tax. Many people are fine with their money going to help people who cannot find work or Alexander 4 cannot work at all. There are many people however that most people do not want their money going to. These people are the type who may abuse the system and live off of it without trying to find work. However, the affirmative side has some counterarguments for the reasons why the concerns listed above are invalid. The opposing side may say that the healthcare reform law does not hurt states rights because it still gives states theShow MoreRelatedObamacare Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesstate-run healthcare system with compulsory health insurance for state residents, but states could choose whether to participate. The federal government would provide some subsidies and set minimum standards that the state had to adhere by. While the proposal did not pass, the idea of universal healthcare coverage for everyone stuck. Since Roosevelt, every single Democratic President elected into office has attempted to pass a version of universal health care, but none have achieved the fea t. That isRead MoreThe Issue Of The Affordable Care Act Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe Issue of the Affordable Care Act The affordable care act (ACA) or the Obama health care reform has been a topic of great concern in today’s health care. In March 23rd 2010 President Obama signed the health care legistration (Obama Care) into law. The passage of the law affected different many issues in the lives of Americans. Socially, it was a great law due to the facts that individuals that cannot afford health care would have access to health care regardless of preexisting conditions andRead MoreThe Patient Protection Affordable Care Act879 Words   |  4 Pages Affordable Care Act, by definition, is â€Å"a social contract of health care solidarity through private ownership, markets, choice, and individual responsibility. While some might regard this contract as the unnatural union of opposites—solidarity on the one hand and markets, choice, and individual responsibility on the other,† (Baker 1579). The primary conflict that exists with PPACA is a segmented population of American businesses will have to increase spending to provide the health insurance, aRead MoreUniversal Health Care1668 Words   |  7 Pageshealthcare to the society. It will be difficult to imagine life without health care. Health care today has become a serious issues, and concern because the vast medical costs. The private insurances company denying treatment bills and these have become the concern of the government of United State. The Government has been trying to reform the health care by introducing a universal health care system. A system whereby a basic health needs, can be given to people without denying and pay the cost. ButRead MoreHealth Care Reform Debate the Pluralistic Prespective1049 Words   |  5 PagesAna Sakalis SOC 335 Prof. K. Bentele February 24, 2012 Health Care Reform Debate The Pluralistic Perspective In this paper I will explain how the portion of the health care debate I chose would be classified under this pluralist framework of government. First I will explain the definition of the pluralist view of how government is structured. Then I will explain a bit of what portion of the healthcare reform under president Obama’s administration I chose to write about and in conclusionRead MoreAn Evaluation Of Fallacies Of A Fox News Editorial1640 Words   |  7 Pagesresult, the cost of medical care is higher than the other countries. With that said, due to ever increasing costs, healthcare reform has been an issue for the past two decades. In order to lower the cost of healthcare, President Obama introduced revolutionary changes. ObamaCare is the unofficial name for The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, a health reform law signed on March 23, 2010 by President Barack Obama (DeMichele). According to ObamaCare, â€Å"the Affordable Care Act does lots of importantRead M oreThe Patient Protection Affordable Care Act Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesProtection and Affordable Care Act, more commonly known as Obamacare, was passed in June of 2010 by the Supreme Court (Doyle 1). Georges C. Benjamin, MD, the executive director of the Public Health Association says: The new law will guarantee millions of Americans access to quality, affordable care regardless of health status; decrease rates of the nation’s leading chronic diseases; control soaring health spending; and strengthen our battered public health infrastructure†¦ Health reform and its historic investmentRead MoreEssay about Health Care Reform1520 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Universal Health Care System One of the most long-standing health care systems was originated in Germany in 1889 by Otto von Bismarck’s social legislation. Its included bills were the Health Insurance Bill 1883, Old Age and Disability Insurance Bill of 1889, and Accident Insurance Bill of 1883. The National Insurance Act of 1911 in Britain covered most people employed. It also financed dependents if families had contributed for at least five years. This coverage lasted whether familiesRead MoreEssay on The Affordable Care Act963 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the inception of ACA that is Affordable Care Act on March 23, 2010 various policies and regulations has been proposed which has more controversy (www.healthcapital.com, 2013). Affordable health act has impact on the stakeholders in different manner. The main concern in the medical field is the input cost which is increasing continuously. This is the biggest challenge for the US government as the increasing cost makes it impossible for the government to allocate appropriate resources in managingRead MoreThe Landmark New Plan A Good Idea?1539 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction In this article, â€Å"Health Care Reform; Is the landmark new plan a good idea?†, written by Marcia Clemmitt, makes an appeal about the Health Care Reform Act, also known as the Affordable Care Act. She includes opinions from the critics, as well as supporters to help establish and give facts from both views to help citizens decide on the new act. Most of these critics and supporters decisions are politically based and not formed on personal issues (hopefully). The genre of this article

American Judicial System Free Essays

The American judiciary system was found on the adversarial model. In the United State of America, the constitution founders believed that the only best form of government was one that would promote the welfare of an individual such as one social class or a director. The middle class was favored as the most likely group to promote the common welfare because they had in mind that the rich and poor would mostly be concerned with promotion of their own interests. We will write a custom essay sample on American Judicial System or any similar topic only for you Order Now The founders of constitution also believed that the common welfare meant having total protection to each individual’s natural rights of property, life and liberty. They chose a form of government called the republican government (Vaughan, 2003, p. 1712-1862). Because England’s powers of government were balanced and divided among the king and the parliaments two houses (the commons and the House of Lords), this system was applicable. This is because it best exemplified republican government. Madison J. who was one of the United States Farmers had his own definition to the republic as a nation or country whose laws and policies are made and administered by some of representatives of the people. He recommended that those representatives should be elected by a large number of people but not a small class. In addition, he figured out that such a government would fully serve the society with no special consideration to particular groups. More so, apart from their nations of republican government, natural rights and common good the constitution founders wanted written laws that would clearly show the rights of all individuals and extent of the power in government. The American constitution sets forth the fundamental laws and rules showing how their government is operated and organized. Although most of the countries have both unwritten and written constitutions, the limited powers of the government by a constitution which must be obeyed by the government is the one that distinguishes a dictatorial government from a constitutional one. The contrast is perceived in that, the dictatorial government has unlimited powers over the government and its natural resources. It is very difficult for the citizens to force such kind of tyrannical rules to obey the law because the rules also control the nation’s defense force group like police and military. https://www. netsafa. navy. mil/ipg/judicial-process. htm In a government governed by a constitution, the laws set should show the basic rights of its citizens to their property, liberty and life. It states that the government should have a responsibility to guard such rights. It also has the government’s power limitations shows the extent to which citizen’s lives cannot be interfered with by the government. Also it includes the ways by which the nation can be changed through the consent of its citizens. The constitution farmers in America borrowed some ideas from the British model and came up with a series of balances and checks so as to have protection against power abuse by the government. To avoid domination of powers by one sector in the government, powers are given to quite different branches of government. The two main power branches in a constitution include; the executive branch which has the responsibility of enforcing the laws, and the legislative branch which is responsible for law making. This information centers on the judicial branch system in the United States government (Young, 54). Although all other nations have laws and rules governing people’s relationships with each other, and other kinds of rules which govern human relationships like the custom, religion and accepted morality, the American’s judicial system appears to be a bit complex. The complexity is with the courts at different levels like in state, Federal County and Municipal bodies. It is not easy to understand the interrelationships although there are laws which clarifies jurisdiction and assigns responsibilities. According to the judicial foundation system, nobody and nothing in the country can stand outside the law or above the law. In the United States, the penalty for running a red light in vehicles is same to the general or admiral because it is made for a season or private. The brief in the primacy of the law is basic to the citizen’s way of life. The law becomes the ultimate arbiter while the courts are its major guardians. The actions of all other government branches must have consistency with the laws. With regardless of citizens’ official status, social position, religion, wealth or political creed, they are all subject to the law. This acts as one major goal for justice in America. The court ensures same law enforcement upon the powerless and the powerful. Due to this reason the courts and the law are said to be the fundamental guardians of equality life in United States. What is more important with American Judicial system is that, once an individual is accused of crime, he or she is regarded as to be innocent until when he is proved guilty in the courtroom. This implies that, the burden of proof is left to the prosecutor, the accused victim requires not prove his or her innocence (Young, 54). Once a person has been accused in law violation, the law insists that such an individual be tried by a jury. These juries are made up of just ordinary citizens who are chosen to serve temporarily in court to listen to the evidences in case where by they decide whether the accused is innocent or guilty. They are not official government. In United States, judiciary is a quite separate branch of government. Besides the fact that judicial system is subject to the same types of balances and checks as for the case in legislative and executive branches, it is not controlled by either of them it implies that, courts are not in any way influenced by the executive and legislative in their duties. Their courts are perceived to play an important role in their activities to shape the public policy. They are seen to provide judicial legal interpretations for both civil law and criminal law. More so, they shape legal policy through appeals and trials (Harper 1998). After adoption of the constitution in 1989, the federal and state courts have used the power in declaring an action at the executive branch or legislature as unconstitutional thus making them null and void. Generally, the American courts are no only important because of justice administration but also due to shaping public policy. According to many people it is perceived that American justice is very slow. Yes it is true that the dockets of court are very full but all these aims at fairness in justice. The judicial system of America is an integral system where by the people’s rights are protected against government interferences. Due to judicial system body being set as an independent body, it is true that justice is being administered in light of the court room work groups and assembly line justice. According to the citizens, this is a very good thing because there is no difference between poor and rich in the law administration. References Young, E. (2005). Institutional Settlement in a Globalizing Judicial System. Duke Law Journal 54. Harper J, (1998 June 7). Collections: Judicial Watch Keeps Stern Watch on Court’s System, Clinton. Religious Studies, Philosophy, History, Psychology, and Library. Vaughan, B. (2003). The Evolution of Louisiana’s Judicial System. From Chaos to Continuity. 69, 1712-1862. How to cite American Judicial System, Papers

Information Systems and their Importance to Springfield Hospital

Questions: 1. In order to help SAH Management, define what Information Systems are and briefly explain how information systems are Important to Future Operations at SAH. 2. Identify and list the Specific Business and System Problems faced by SAH and list these Problems in order of Priority. 3. What are the Key Information requirements of SAH? For each Information requirement you have Identified, discuss how this Information would Enhance or Improve SAHs Competitive Position. 4. Which Specific Information system(s) can help SAH in Managing their Business problems, making business decisions and fulfilling the information requirements identified in the previous question? Be specific in how they will help in these areas. 5. Explain how SAH could strategically utilise the Internet, intranet and extranet to engage with key stakeholders and fulfil Communication and Collaboration requirements. 6. Change Management is an important concept to Business Organisations. How could SAH best Manage the Organisa tional changes that would occur with the Implementation of the Information Systems changes you are proposing? 7. For various Stakeholders at SAH, including its Customers and Employees, what are some of the possible security and ethical issues that may arise with the Introduction of their Information System. Answers Introduction Business organizations vary in size and in the type of products or services they offer. Effective handling of data and coordination of departments in the organization is an ideal aspect that determines staff performance and service delivery. Technology has to be incorporated in the conventional processes of the organization to ensure customers are served to the expectation and to help management and staff work as a unit. The Knowledge of information systems is, therefore, important in assessing how efficient the operations of a business can be with the integration of technology in their activities. 1.Information systems and their importance to Springfield Animal Hospital Information systems have integrated a network of components that coordinate in collecting, storing, processing data and delivering information, knowledge or products (Wallace, P.2014). The adoption and use of information systems for Springfield Animal Hospital will make it easy for the different animal sites to work as a team, management will be able to monitor progress, consistency in pet records, instant feedback, and notification for meetings, accurate staff data and quick processing of payrolls. Proper utilization of information across the animal sites will encourage more people to take their pets for grooming and accommodation. Online booking of services and consultation will increase the customer base because through the internet more people learn about their services. Information systems are classified according to the use of information in the organization (Wigand, R.2003 ). Modern business demands the application of informatics to address the need for information management and business functions. The two categories of information systems identified are; operations support system and management support system (Alter, S. 2002). Operations support system facilitates the update of the organizations central database, controls production, supports transactions and ensures effective internal and external communication. Operations support system is further categorized as; transaction processing system, process control system and Enterprise collaborative system. Management support system, on the other hand, presents information to managers to take action. In this information system, information is put in a specific format to help managers in the decision making process. Management support system is also categorized into; management information system, d ecision support system, expert system and accounting information system (OBrien, J.A. Marakas, G.M, 2011). Springfield Animal Hospital has to install the various information systems in particular departments to help both management and staff in their performance of tasks. 2.Problems faced by Springfield Animal Hospital Various business and system problems are facing Springfield Animal Hospital which needs to be addressed in a specific order of priority they are; Records of the number of pets and the site they are located, staff records and files, records of equipment and customers of the organization: A system that ensures all data is stored is stored safely and in a secure environment. The sites owned by Springfield Animal Hospital should have the ability to share information. The organization should be able to hold regular meetings and realize effective communication channels. Automation of supplies and consumables to the sites has to be effected. The organization requires an online platform to enable them to get feedback from customers and for online booking of services. 3.Key Information Requirements The organization should have information on the number of pets in the sites, names of the owners of pets being groomed or accommodated and the location in which the pets are located. This knowledge is important because customers feel part of the firm and confident of the services offered. An online platform gives information on how customers rate the services. Feedback and comments from customers are part of the relevant information that management use to adjust and satisfy customers. Information on staff and their welfare are necessary to ensure a supportive working environment is created for them to perform better. Motivation to work can be transferred to customers having a good perception of the organization. 4.Information System Suitable to SAH The operations support system is essential in addressing the information needs of business using the collaboration system which encourages team effort across the departments. This system information will be shared across the various sites and improve their services. Management information system will be critical in helping management to make everyday decisions that improve service delivery and performance of staff. 5.Strategic Use of Internet, Intranet, and Extranet The Internet is a world-wide network of computers accessible to people who have their Internet Protocol (IP) address that shows the location of their computer. SAH can use the internet to come up with an online platform where the company is advertised, and customers can request for services or comment on the type of services they received. The intranet can enable staff to access internet services within the company which helps different departments to coordinate and shares information consistently. Extranet services will allow the SAH sites located outside the main premise to operate on the organizations intranet and keep them in touch with the main offices. All these networks enhance teamwork and performance (Koh, S. Maguire S. 2009). 6.Organizational changes during information systems implementation The adoption of information system requires change management strategies to retain continuity and relevance (Pugh, D. S. 2009). The important changes are; embarking on training staff for them to have relevant knowledge in using a computer and adjusting to operating with the new system. Management should hire technical staff with experience in information systems to implement the changes. The gradual orientation of customers into the online platform is also necessary for them to shift and get used to the new system. 7.Security and Ethical Issues Unauthorized staff can access data files and cause a security threat to confidential information that belongs to management. Staff with ill intentions can easily manipulate data in their favor. I t is important for each department to be in control of their files by having a password to minimize interference. Computer systems also have to be protected against physical damage and disruption of normal operations. They should be placed in safe places and undergo regular technical repair (Schmidt, A. 2012). Ethical issues that arise with the introduction of information systems include; access to personal data that causes invasion of privacy ob both staff and management and the tendency to copy information from the system instead of staff carrying out a recent study to come up with original work (Winston, M. Eldebach, R. 2014). References O'Brien, J. and Marakas, G. (2011). Management information systems. 1st ed. New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Alter, S. (2002). Information systems. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, Nj: Prentice Hall. Wallace, P. (2014). Introduction to information systems. 2nd ed. Pearson. Wigand, R. (2003). Introduction to business information systems. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer. Pugh, D. and Mayle, D. (2009).Change management. 1st ed. London [etc.]: SAGE. Koh, S. and Maguire, S. (2009).Information and communication technologies management inturbulent business environments. 1st ed. Hershey, Pa.: IGI Global (701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA). Winston, M. and Edelbach, R. (2014).Society, ethics, and technology. 1st ed. Boston, MA:Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Schmidt, A. (2012).Security and privacy in mobile information and communication systems. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer.

The Reconstruction Act Essays - United States, Aftermath Of War

The Reconstruction Act After the Civil war, not only were families torn apart, but the government, the economy and the north and south were torn apart also. Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and Congress all came up with their own plan for the reconstruction of America. Although they all had very good ideas there were some flaws in their plans. There are many important factors to take into consideration, including, the debt, the broken relationships between the north and south and whether or not the south had ever succeeded from the union. It is debated about, whether or not it was the south fault for the war and if they deserved to pay the debt of the war. Because in the eyes of the South slavery was right, when the North tried to abolish slavery, the south got upset and rebelled. Then the North went and put taxes on the Souths exports. In the Souths point of view the North was being a bully. In the Norths point of view they were doing what was best for the country. Although many people believe that the South should totally take care for the debt, in my opinion when the south tried to succeed from the Union they had a valid reason. The debt should be split evenly between both the north and the south. If the North rebelled and refused military force should be implemented. Because of the war, many people from both the north and south died. Many families lost their sons in the war. Many wives lost their husbands during the war. Many children lost their fathers in the battles. The war caused a lot of tension between the North and the south. In Lincolns plan the North felt as if Lincoln made it far too easy for the South to be reinstated under congress. In my Opinion at least seventy-five percent of each states voter population should have to agree to follow the emancipation. They also have to pledge to never try to succeed from the government again. Each state was basically forced to do this because if they didnt they knew that military force would be used. It is a matter of opinion, whether or not the South ever really succeeded from the government or not. If you ask the southerners they will most likely say yes but if you ask anyone else you will probably get a mixed answer. For the northerners, whether or not the South had succeeded congress was not a black and white issue, it was a gray area. In my opinion the south had succeeded congress because they rebelled against them and started a war. Although I do not agree with the South view on major issues, I do believe they had a right to rebel. In the end it all comes down to your opinion. You can never please everyone. No matter how hard you try someone will always have a problem with your beliefs, the way you look, your opinion on governmental issues, what you eat, how you talk and many other things that range from petty issues to important problems. There will be people who disagree with my plan for reconstruction but I feel that in the end it would have been one of the better choices for America.

The Metamorphosis Essay Example

The Metamorphosis Essay Example The Metamorphosis Essay The Metamorphosis Essay Essay Topic: The Metamorphosis heir dreams, while doing this he have lost his self and control of his life. Gregor has been trying to fulfill his fathers wishes by paying Mr. Samoas debt, working and trying to meet the familys needs so Mr. Samsa would not have to work. Gregor cares for his sister to a great extent and she also expects him to work and fulfill her dreams. Grete has an easy life until Gregor worked and which indicates that Grete had used Gregor. Gregor also had an obligation to send Grete to conservatory, which was one of many social expectations of him.Gregors obligation to his mother was to obey her and she expected him to take care of everyone, and bring a paycheck home, which is why she was always telling him when to wake up what to do. Gregors unwavering devotion to his family signifies his character as a victim of Social expectations to family which he is compelled to finish. Gregor is a victim of his fathers social expectations. Gregor comes from a bourgeoisie family which is why Mr.Samsa expects Gregor to work while he stays home and spends rest of his day at home and read news paper (133), where it states Gregors father; and he would draw it out for hours on end by reading various newspapers. Since they lived in society where parents beat their children so they would behave properly, this is clearly shown(138), where Mr. Samsa ran after Gregor to beat him and when he finally succeeded in delivering a blow he slammed the door as if Gregor was a little boy and he should stay in his premises. Mr.Samsa also expected Gregor to pay his debt, because Gregor was his son(150), Furthermore, since the money that Gregor had brought home every month and never been fully spent Actually, he could apply it toward settling his fathers debt. Paying the debt is only one of the obligations to his father. Since Gregor was no longer able to work his father had to take up job at a bank, to keep his family running. Mr. Samsa was now hostile towards Gregor, because his expectations from Gregor were not fulfilledled, just like a little boy misbehaves and does not fulfill his fathers wishes.For this Gregor was punished (164), his bombarded him with apples, and one of them had been lodged into Gregors back. Kafkas irony is clearly seen here, that as long as Gregor worked and brought home a paycheck his father was happy and that he was a good boy, but as soon as Gregor turned into a bug he was a bad boy and did not bring his paycheck home his father decided to beat him and that way punish him, but this time there was no way for Gregor to redeem himself, and be a good boy again except take control of his life even if it means loosing his life.Mr. Samsa expected Gregor to be his good little boy and fulfill his expectations by giving him easy days for rest of his life, paying his debt, this Cleary indicates Gregor as a victim of his fathers expectations.

What is utilitarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What is utilitarianism - Essay Example Although, Williams fails to provide an alternative moral hypothesis, the philosopher successfully investigated how utilitarianism and its backers root for untenable beliefs about what rational actions entail. On the other hand, Brandt emphasizes that when evaluating the repercussions of the value of an ethical belief, the society should go beyond mere appraisal of the gains of following set etiquettes and instead embrace selective fulfillment of the requirements. This can only be achieved by leveraging the benefits and negative consequences of such rules: for instance, one should appreciate remorse and other dangers linked to interiorizing fundamental prohibitions in the society. This paper analyzes the ethical arguments presented in â€Å"A Critique of Utilitarianism† by Williams and â€Å"Some Merits of One Form of Rule Utilitarianism,† by Bernard Brandt in their respective articles, in order to establish whose utilitarian philosophy is more effective in today’ s society. Overview of the philosophers’ perceptions Williams provides an exceptional theory, which defines positive action, based on whether it results in a favorable situation triggers a fundamental conflict between an individual’s ethical capacities and that supposedly right action. It is notable that in an effort to employ utilitarianism in balancing and sustaining practicality as an ethical theory, Williams points out the surreptitious incorporation of moral feelings that are not purely utilitarian. For meticulous observation, this confusion often triggers the realization of the weaknesses of a consequentialist approach to understanding satisfactory morality and leadership. By taking into consideration an individual’s ethical inclinations only when they are in tandem with utility implies that there could be a more profound failure to appreciate that such beliefs are often exhibited by the agent’s individual projects and obligations. Therefore, to realize an objective threshold of moral practices, utilitarianism eventually soils an individual’s honor by turning right action immaterial to those initiatives and obligations. Whereas Williams (606-622) perceives that the grounds for the effectiveness of consequentialist moral revolve around to immoral thoughts about moral impacts of the eventualities, Brandt suggests morality is based on moral actions. Brandt argument on utilitarianism contradicts Williams, especially on his suggestion that that the latter’s jump into the impacts of actions occasions the weakening of the individual’s moral standing (Brandt 590-592). In view of this, Williams’ perception of ‘commitment’ as dictated by the party confronted by an ethical dilemma should be based on the actions and not just the consequences. Additionally, in case there is need to maintain honor between individual behavior and minor order projects, it is important to recognize the fact that modern moral theories such as the ones based on consequentialist ideology, this cannot be embedded to individual actions. It is, however, important to recognize that both Williams and Brandt philosophies on ethical actions imply that a certain application is greatly shaped by the actions of an autonomous mor al cause. Significance of the ethical goals and actions Williams (607-615) acknowledges that individuals in the modern world are unaware of the connection between human objectives and behavior. Further, the theorist’s argument brings into focus some fundamental issues such as whether individuals take steps for the sole aim of accomplishing particular objectives. And if so, after realizing an intended objective, it is unclear whether the outcome may inspire the pursuing other successive goals in life, because in general, goals in life are

Organizational Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Organizational Managment - Essay Example This is because social media like facebook and twitter or even skype is the way to capture the attention of a larger group of people especially the youth and hence making it easier to know their thoughts and even challenges and way forward suggestions about health care in general. There are however also challenges and especially concerning the use of technology and social media. One of the greatest challenges is that of confidentiality which should be a priority where QI in health care is involved. There is also risk of the systems being hacked and sensitive health care information falling into the wrong hands. The other challenge is that with new changes in the QI of health care sector, there are required resources in terms of technicians qualified to handle these changes and also monetary resources to install the new systems and to advertise or even collect information over the social media. More time will therefore be necessary for the above to be completed and this may affect the current QI process in place (Sollecito and Johnson,

Assignment Rough Draft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment Rough Draft - Essay Example As this concept is quite important and complex at the same time due to the fact that it acts as a basis of any type of relationships, it gives birth to number of issues, the key of which are gender inequality and the fight against it. The concept of gender is best explained from the point of view of symbolic interaction theory, which states that every person plays a particular role in the society (Turner, 2012). In accordance with Turner (2012), a person is a social actor who performs an assigned role, which includes patterns of behavior and feelings. Even in the twenty-first century, the issue of gender discrimination still takes place. In order to fight the problem, there exists a range of federal laws, among which are Civil Right Act, the Equal Opportunity Act, Family and Medical Leave Act, Pregnancy Discrimination Law and others (â€Å"Gender Discrimination,† 2013). At the same time, these and other laws and programs appear to be not very effective for women. However, the Affordable Care Act is believed to change the situation for the better: due to the act, about 13 million women will gain coverage by 2016 (National Womens Law Center, 2013). These days, triple jeopardy of African American Women with disabilities occurs in the United States. Because of the existing stereotypes, this group of women experiences the following difficulties. First of all, they are expected to have traditionally female occupations. Secondly, African American women have difficulties which result from group-specific factors, such as likelihood of being a single parent. Finally, the disabled have decreased work opportunities because of lack of compliance on behalf of the employee (Smith & Alston, 2008). A human service professional should be culturally competent to meet the requirements of the sphere as well as to be able to work in it. For every person, it is natural to have

History and Impact of the Smart Phone

History and Impact of the Smart Phone INTRODUCTION This report is regarding the smartphone which is used nowadays worldwide. In this modern world, almost every person is using a smartphone, even kids know how to use a smartphone. With the help of computers and laptops, we are able to complete all our necessary works with the help of these. After the invention of smartphones, people think that, some of their work can be completed with the help of a smartphone. We can carry our smartphones where ever we go as we cannot take our computers. A smartphone provides us a wide range of facilities. We can say that a smartphone can be also called as a mini computer because it gives almost all our facilities which can be done with a computer. Smartphones are at affordable cost ranging from  £100 to  £900. Figure 1: Different smartphones HISTORY Smartphones has almost features like a computer. They have a great history. In the early years Simon was the first to develop a mobile phone with software and touch screen in the year 1994. In further Years different smartphones with different operating systems have been invented. Nokia came forward and invented its 1st smartphone in the year 1999. In 2003 Motorola launches its smartphone. Apple in 2007 invented its smartphone with IOS operating system. Now, there are many types of smartphones with wide range of facilities. OPERATING SYSTEMS Each company developed their own smartphone with their respective operating systems. There are abundant smartphones, buying a smartphone with a good operating system is also necessary. Each mobile company have their own operating systems. Android, IOS, Windows phone, blackberry are some operating systems of their companies. Samsung smartphones have Android operating system which was developed by Google. Android smartphones got a huge response and they have been sold in a large number. An another operating system with extraordinary features is IOS which was developed by Apple Inc. After introducing Apple Smartphones, they received a huge response. An another operating system which was developed by Microsoft is Windows phone. Every Smartphone company are developing day by day their operating systems and trying to attract their users as much as they can. Figure3: Different operating systems INTERACTION AND ITS APPLICATION APPLICATIONS, ITS USES AND EFFECTS ON SOCIAL LIFE: In the world of technology, each smartphone has a different operating system. In the same way applications are very important for the users as it provides all. Day by day new applications are developed and introduced in this world for the use of smartphones. A wide range of applications are available to all users nowadays, how smartphones are important the applications for the smartphone are also important. Applications which are available for us provides us a wide range of facilities like to buy or sell goods, internet banking, watching movies, listening to songs, playing games. Access to internet in smartphones gives us various facilities which can be done by using a computer. Before different applications were introduced it was difficult to use these kind of facilities which we are using these now. Communication is now an important aspect in our life, we can interact with people all over the world. With the use of social apps like facebook and twitter, we can get a lot of information what is going all round the world and in the same way it effects our daily life, as we are daily watching news many people got addicted to these social apps and lost their lives. Interest in games in a limit is acceptable, but some people make playing games as their habit and playing whole the day is not good. A recent game Pokemon go which was introduced now a days became popular, while playing we assume that we are in a real world inside the game, many people started playing this game and a number of people lost their lives too playing this game. Texting friends always has become a habit to many people and this may result affecting their studies too. Figure4 :Different applications in a Smartphone INTERACTION: The interaction design for Apple IPhone is very attractive when compared to the remaining smartphones. Apple IPhone has a very well user interfaced design and good usability compared to android smartphones. The first apple IPhone has been released in the year 2007, year after year they have been releasing new models with better interfaced design and introducing new updates. Figure5: IOS vs Android I would like to draw a contrast between IOS and Android devices. Android is available on many phones like Samsung, HTC, LG and Sony, were as IOS is available in iPhones, iPod, iPad. According to Simon hill, interaction design of apple iPhone is better than the android devices. He illustrated that the android devices have basic customizable home screens, app drawer, pull down notifications. Where it is perfectly uniform across all IOS devices. Apple, after undergoing major design its platform is bright and it has modern feeling. More people like to use Apple IOS devices because it has well designed user interface, its speed and its usability. But the file transfer in Apple devices is quiet difficult compared to the android devices where it is easy to transfer files to it. There is good Security in IOS devices compared to android devices. According to Pfeiffer, Apple IOS has been rated better in user experience compared to android. 3D BASED INTERACTION: Figure6: Figure showing 3d based interaction Now a days 3d based smartphone interaction is widely spread and people are enjoying it. According to Alejandro Rodriguez, these 3d capability, touch input and a very high compute power made smartphones attractive with visualization and a good 3D interaction. With these kind of 3d interaction people get attracted towards the smartphones and try to buy smartphones with 3D interaction. CONCLUSION: Well, I would like to conclude this report with some key points. Smartphones are important to us, but its usage should be in limit. Using it all the time will affect the humans very badly. As we have a number of uses from it we have too many disadvantages too. They are revolutionary which makes things very useful to the humans as it gives a wide range of facilities like talking to people all over the world, texting, games, internet facility, online banking, and etc.. But reports showed that many people are using smartphones continuously always checking their phones, texting and playing games. This may make our brain defective. All smartphones with respective operating systems are good with their software. All applications available in our app stores in our respective smartphone devices are almost good but some are harmful. In kinds of user interface I suggest that Apple IOS devices are good compared to the remaining devices. REFERENCES: Smartphone (2016). . In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone Bloom, P. (2016, November 14). How Smartphones are killing conversation. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from http://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_smartphones_are_killing_conversation Hill, S. (2016, October 31). Which smartphone OS wins 2016? Android Nougat vs. IOS 10 vs. Windows 10 mobile. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/best-smartphone-os Alejandro Rodrà ­guez Alejandro J. Leà ³n. Smartphone based intearction. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from http://www.digitalheritage2015.org/portfolio/smartphone-based-interaction Android vs iOS difference and comparison. (2014, April ). Retrieved November 23, 2016, from http://www.diffen.com/difference/Android_vs_iOS Nield, D. (2016, July 29). Android vs iOS: Which is the best mobile OS? . Retrieved from http://www.t3.com/news/android-vs-ios-showdown Pfeiffer. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from user experience report, http://www.pfeifferreport.com/v2/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/iOS7-User-Experience-Shootout.pdf DeGroot, Z. (2015, April 9). Smartphones replacing human interaction. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from http://collegian.com/2015/04/are-smartphones-replacing-human-interaction LIST OF FIGURES: Figure1: Smartphones. (2016, November 7). Retrieved November 23, 2016, from https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=smartphones Figure2: Smartphone (2016). . In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone Figure3: Smartphones with operating systems. (2013, May 1). Retrieved November 23, 2016, from https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=smartphones+with+operating+systems Figure4: smartphone with applications. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=smartphone+applications Figure5: Ios vs android. (2016, February 8). Retrieved November 23, 2016, from https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=ios+vs+android Figure6: Alejandro Rodrà ­guez Alejandro J. Leà ³n. Smartphone based intearction. Retrieved November 23, 2016, from http://www.digitalheritage2015.org/portfolio/smartphone-based-interaction

Maquiladoras & NAFTA Essay -- essays research papers

MAQUILADORAS AND THE NAFTA'S IMPACT: Introduction In this paper I will discuss the history and practices of the Maquiladora industry. I will discuss its background, its problems, the benefits it offers to United States companies, and the impact the NAFTA has and will have on the industry. In addition, I will make a suggestion on a possible strategy the Maquiladoras can adopt in order to address the challenges brought on by the NAFTA, to ensure it remains a strong force in the future. Background Mexican agricultural workers had been granted temporary work visas allowing them to work in the United States' agricultural industries through a program called the Bracero Program until 1965 when this program was terminated. As a result of this termination, the unemployment rate had exceeded 70% in certain border cities. In May of 1965 the Border Industrialization Program was established as a replacement for the Bracero program. It was later renamed the Maquiladora Program. The program was established by the Mexican government to provide employment for Mexico's rapidly growing population along its border with the United States. This Program was utilized to keep Mexicans from entering the United States. The idea was that Mexican workers would be kept on the Mexican side of the border if they were given factory jobs on the Mexican side. The Maquiladora program also wanted to attract foreign manufacturing facilities, technology, and know-how by giving a permanent tax holiday to manufact uring companies that would set up "twin plants" on the Mexican side of the border. In the beginning of the program, all foreign-owned operations had to be located within a 20-kilometer strip along the US-Mexican border. Since 1972 they can be located anywhere in Mexico. In 1996 there were around 2,500 Maquiladoras - 35% of them were located in the interior states of Mexico. Last year there were over 3,000 and more and more of these operations are being located outside of the border regions. Each of Mexico's 31 states has at least one Maquiladora. What is a Maquiladora? Maquiladoras, also referred to as "in bond" or "twin" plants, are allowed to temporarily import into Mexico (free of tax) machinery, equipment, replacement parts, raw materials, and just about anything that was used in the assembly or manufacture of semi-finished or finished products... ...on between the non-Maquiladora and Maquiladora industries I feel the inefficient producers will be wiped out. Therefor, Maquiladora employees will need better training, education, incentives as well improved working conditions and higher wages. Operations will also have to be streamlined in order to reap the benefits of economies of scale and scope. In addition, Mexicans as well as US citizens will start to demand more accountability from the Mexican government and the Maquiladora industry. They need to be more responsible for their actions. What will the U.S. corporations do when human rights activists and environmentalists start lobbying and protesting on their US sites? Do they want to risk losing their shareholders to this type of negative attention? References Benitez, Gerardo, Latin American Perspectives: The Maquiladora Program Its Challenges Ahead, THE WHARTON JOURNAL, December 11, 1995. Clifford, Frank and Mary Beth Sheridan, Borderline Efforts on Pollution, THE LOS ANGELES TIMES, June 30, 1997, 1. Naumann, Ann K. and Mireille Hutchinson, The Integration of Women into the Mexican Labor Force Since NAFTA THE AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST, June/July 1997, 950-956.

Never Let Me Go Essay

Over the past century, biological engineering has made a huge step forward. They made possible to duplicate human DNA in order to produce a genetic replicate. The novel â€Å"Never Let Me Go† by Kazuo Ishiguro in the fiction story of three friends, as the products of genetic cloning, illustrates the negative view of the human nature. This novel, through the eyes of Kathy H. , shows what it means to be a clone and what problems they experienced growing up. Clones are real humans and should be treated as naturally born humans. The clones were not naturally produced, but they created inside of a government lab. These story shows that they were not considered as a humane, and were treated not as rest of the real people. They were created to increase the health of the greater population. If clones are the real people then it is wrong to donate their vital organs against their will. These clone students who lived in school called Hailsham were cut off from the world. They were told only what they needed to know. Once, their teachers, Miss Lucy, explained to her students that one day they all will donate their organs and then die before they even became middle aged. As naturally born humans, clones should have free will. Further, when they were fifteen years old teenagers they had dreams about future. Some of them wanted to go to America, another wanted to be actors and to be a film stars or to work in supermarkets (81). But Miss Lucy told them â€Å"Your lives are set out for you. You’ll become adults, then before you’re old, before you’re even middle-aged, you’ll start to donate your vital organs. That’s what each of you was created to do. You’re not like the actors you watch on your videos, you’re not even like me. You were brought into this world for a purpose, and your futures, all of them, have been decided (81). † Real humans are brought into this world for a purpose and they have free will, not like these clones and it is not right. As a real human, clones should have a chance to choose as we all do. Later, when they were thirteen years old they were told that they will not going to be able to have babies. â€Å"Then there was the whole business about our not being able to have babies (83). † Conclution : The whole idea of cloning humans is wrong

Community and Family Studies Essay

P1.1describes the contribution an individual’s experiences, values, attitudes and beliefs make to the development of goals P1.2proposes effective solutions to resource problems P6.1distinguishes those actions that enhance wellbeing P4.2presents information in written, oral and graphic form Rubric| In your answer you will be assessed on how well you:| * Demonstrated knowledge and understanding about values, attitudes, beliefs and resources develop goals| * Be able to propose solutions in order to meet primary and secondary needs in order to achieve wellbeing| * Communicate ideas and information using relevant examples| * Present a logical and cohesive response| Task Description You will be given the article, questions and marking guidelines on Tuesday in Week 8. You will then be able to go home read the article and prepare to answer the questions in class on Friday of Week 8. You will not be permitted to use any notes but need to bring the task to class so that you can answer the questions on the task sheet. It will be test conditions. Good luck for your first task. Answer in the space provided. Students Name _________________________________________ Marking Guidelines Criteria| Marks| Demonstrates extensive knowledge and understanding of values, attitudes and beliefs to the development and attainment of goalsDemonstrates an understanding of the link between primary and secondary needs and wellbeingProposes a range of suitable strategies to enhance wellbeingEffectively communicates ideas, issues and opinions in an organised, logical and coherent manner using appropriate terminology| 13-15|. Demonstrates thorough knowledge and understanding of values, attitudes and beliefs to the development and attainment of goalsOutlines the link between needs and enhanced wellbeingProposes a range of strategies to promote wellbeingCompetently communicates ideas, issues and opinions in an organised, logical and coherent manner using appropriate terminology| 10-12| Demonstrates sound knowledge and understanding of values, attitudes and beliefs to the development and/or attainment of goalsOutlines the link between needs and wellbeing and or proposes some strategiesCommunicates ideas, issues and opinions in a clear and logical way using appropriate terminology| 7-9|. Demonstrates basic knowledge of values and/ or resources and /or goalsOutlines needs or wellbeing or proposes limited strategiesCommunicates ideas and opinions in a basic form using some relevant terminology| 4-6| Demonstrates some knowledge of values or goals or resourcesRelies on personal experienceCommunicates limited ideas and opinions using limited terminology| 1-3|.

8 Ways to Spot the Office Liar

8 Ways to Spot the Office Liar Let’s face it: one of the most useful skills you can develop in your career is knowing when someone is lying to you. Being your own personal polygraph may not be a hard skill you can list on your rà ©sumà ©, but it can help you navigate the sometimes shark-infested waters of the workplace. Here are some ways you can tell if someone is lying to you.1. They talk too much.They overcompensate by giving too many details, like they’re trying to shovel information on top of information.2. There’s a long pause before answering.â€Å"Please hold while I come up with a story/explanation/diversion!†3. They hide their mouth or eyes.The person is literally trying to cover up what they’re communicating, consciously or not.4. They try to justify stretching things.â€Å"What is truth, really?†5. They fidget with hair, clothes, glasses- anything to shift focus.6. Their breathing changes.When people are being dishonest, their breathing often gets faster and more shallow, due to stress and increased heart rate.7. They repeat words and phrases a lot.It could be either a stalling technique, or an attempt to reinforce what they’re saying by drilling it into you.8. They stand a little too still.If the person isn’t moving casually, a tense stance could indicate that the person is steeling for a confrontation.Now that you know how to figure out if people may be less-than-honest with you, go forth and spot the lying liars.

Management Report Addressed to the UK National Health Services Essay

Management Report Addressed to the UK National Health Services - Essay Example In addition, there is no benchmark for measuring financial performance. (Ramos et al, 2007) Public sector organisations also differ from private sector organisations in their mode of fundraising and reporting. Most public sector organisations are still financed by the state with revenue generated from taxes. Common types of public sector organisations include: Central and local Government Departments, Agencies, Trading Funds and Public Corporations. (Ramos et al, 2007). Public sector organisations like all other organisations have stakeholders who expect the organisation to satisfy their unique needs. The major stakeholders in public sector organisations include: Barrows and Mclnerney identifies taxpayers, government Ministries, customers, Trade Unions, social responsibility interest groups, local government and other government ministries as major stakeholders of a public sector organisation. Section 2 provides and overview of the UK National Health Services, when it was formed, the rationale for its formation and how it has been financed. Section 3 provides some major problems faced by the UK National Health Services, and proposes a Strategic Management tool to solve the problems. It also explains how the management tool can be put into practice within the context of the UK National Health Services. ... Section 3 provides some major problems faced by the UK National Health Services, and proposes a Strategic Management tool to solve the problems. It also explains how the management tool can be put into practice within the context of the UK National Health Services. Section 4 prioritises the major change drivers and gives recommendations on how to tackle each change driver to achieve organisational efficiency. Section 5 concludes the paper. 2 Overview of the UK National Health Services: Mission and Main Issues The UK National Health Services (NHS) remains one of the largest public sector bodies in the world and the largest public sector organisation in the United Kingdom. The NHS was established in 1948 by the post-war labour government and it was the first health system in any western society to offer free medical care to the entire population. (Goodwin, 2000). Its objective was to be universal in its coverage and comprehensive in terms of the services to be provided, available on the basis of clinical need and not based on income. It has been financed through taxation. (Goodwin, 2000) Unfortunately, however, funding crises have resulted in the introduction of prescription, dental and ophthalmic charges. The social conception of health care has lost and two issues have dominated the UK NHS ever since. These include financial resources and politics. (Goodwin, 2000). Major challenges for the NHS include the persistent push for structural reform in state health provision, within the UK. The NHS operates today in an economic climate that is faced with escalating costs thus making it difficult for it to meet diverse patient and community needs. (Hill et al, 2001). According to Chang et al, (2006) other challenges for the UK Health Services today

English Employment Law Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

English Employment Law Study - Essay Example Self-Employed Individuals- Self-employed individuals are regarded as those individuals who are independent and run their business own. These individuals can also be duly considered as self-regulating contractors who are responsible for making broad regulations in order to attain predetermined business targets. It is worth to mention that self-employed individuals are   responsible for adopting   as well as implementing   broad decisions for smooth conduct of business (Kemp Little, 2012). A big similarity between the workers and the employees in the organizational context of the UK is that both of them are covered under common statutes of employment law. These include Health & Safety at Work etc Act 1974, Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992, Employment Tribunals Act 1996, Employment Rights Act 1996, Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998, Data Protection Act 1998 and Human Rights Act 1998. All these laws are enacted by the government in order to defend the rig hts of the employees as well as the workers belonging to different organizations of the UK (Kemp Little, 2012). Employees - All the employees in the UK are covered with special laws that eventually protect their respective rights by a considerable level. The basic understanding of these laws and statutory employment protection legislation apply to all those employees who work in diverse organisations despite their status i.e. higher, lower or middle level employees.   Employees are entitled to all major rights as long as they serve the basic purpose. of performing their

Undergrad research (Sonicator) Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Undergrad (Sonicator) - Research Paper Example The production of methanol was done through the distillation of wood. Methanol today is industrially synthesized from a nonstoichiometric mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide over Cu/ZnO/AL203 catalysts. Methanol is an industrial chemical used as raw material in the manufacture of solvents such as formaldehyde and producing acids, for example, acetic acid through hydroformylation. Synthesis of methanol is crucial due to wide usage of methanol in industries. Sonicator (Ultrasonic) is one method used to manufacture methanol (Eta, Valerie, 71). Ultrasonic is a phenomenon used in reactive chemical whereby ultrasound energy of approximate 20 kHz is used to agitate the reactants. This method is efficient because necessary temperature and energy are generated by ultrasonic machine. Methanol is a short chain alcohol that is immiscible. The use of the sonicator or ultrasonic is to synthesize methanol in a reaction entitled as transesterification. Catalytic functional group in methanol is methoxide (CH3O-) which is formed when methanol reacts with a strong base or when metals like potassium react with anhydrous methanol (Arutyunov, Vladimir, 95). Mechanism of ultrasonic effect on esterification was illustrated experimentally using bubble- dynamic model where ultrasound energy and micro bubbles in the reactor increased the interface formed between the triglyceride and methanol emulsion, thus considered a physical reaction and not a chemical reaction (Eta, Valerie, 103). There seems to be the best use of the sonicator and why it is mainly used for the production of methanol. The use of Sonification is good as it has led to the production of more methanol and carbon while using less energy. The use of Sonification makes it possible for synthesis of methanol via the use of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, which leads to the water-gas shift formation and surface morphology effects. However, because the use of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is a two-way step,

Potential conflicts Essay Example for Free

Potential conflicts Essay Every State has three inherent powers which are all necessary and indispensable for its continued existence. These powers may exist even without an express constitutional grant. Among these powers are Police Power, Power of Eminent Domain, and the Power of Taxation On the other hand, citizens in a democracy enjoy certain rights and freedom. These rights serve as safeguard for the protection of the people against excessive and unnecessary exercise of these three powers mentioned. The beauty of a democracy lies in the proper balance between the civil rights and liberties of the people and the fundamental powers of the State. An over-concentration of power in the government will lead to dictatorship or authoritarianism. An over emphasis in freedom and liberty will result to anarchy and mob rule. Analysis of the USA Patriot Act Consider the enactment of the USA Patriot Act as our country’s response to international terrorism. Pres. Bush upon signing the Patriot Act into law emphasized that this law will provide law enforcement officials with sufficient weapons and tools to fight terrorism. â€Å"Remarks by President Bush at Signing of USA Patriot Act of 2001†) He emphasized that we need this law for the protection of our country and for our protection as well. Despite the highly publicized importance of the Patriot Act to protecting our national security and territory, civil rights advocates however fear that the said law may have severe repercussions to our individual liberties. This law which should protect us from terrorists may even be used against us. Some of the provisions of the said law will give the law enforcement authorities unlimited power to search our physical property and seize them, monitor our electronic communication and bank accounts, library records and even our medical records. Last January 2006, The Association of American Physicians and Surgeons and the American Civil Liberties Union joined together in calling for the amendment of Section 501 of the Patriot Act which gives sufficient authority for government officials to seize any â€Å"tangible things† (Jeanne Lenzer)  Under Section 501, â€Å"(a)(1) The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or a designee of the Director†¦may make an application for an order requiring the production of any tangible things (including books, records, papers, documents, and other items) for an investigation to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities, provided that such investigation of a United States person is not con ducted solely upon the basis of activities protected by the first amendment to the Constitution. † (Sec 501) It is because of this reason that in a number of medical center’s privacy policy there is already a statement informing their patients that they are authorized to disclose any medical information about the patient to authorized federal officials. Personal information about our health conditions, our sickness, the doctor treating us, the medicines we are taking and any other personal information, which we consider as confidential may now be discovered by the government, placed in a database together with all other personal information taken from other people, and this information could be transferred from one government agency to another. Conclusion I am a Libertarian. I do not think we need to sacrifice our liberty for the purpose of protecting ourselves from terrorism. Our civil liberty, such as our right to privacy, is our treasured rights. For some that is all they have. If the government will take this away from them they will be worse than the terrorists. There is only one solution to this problem and that is for the public to call for the amendment of this provision so that section 501 may finally be deleted from the Patriot Act. Although the said provision may also be useful for any criminal investigation, I believe however, that no government official should be given unbridled discretion to seize our medical records. As a rule, seizure of medical records should not be allowed subject to certain exceptions such as if a suit has been filed against the person whose medical record is being seized or if the person is a suspected terrorist who has confirmed affiliations with terrorists organizations.

KFC Leadership Style | Analysis

KFC Leadership Style | Analysis Employees never work along in the organizations, there must be some kind of teamwork involve in the working process, both formal and informal. Leadership acts as an important factor that strongly influences employees performance, motivation and attitude. It has been argued that differences between success and failure, whether in business, war or football, leadership is largely attributable to success. 1.1 Definition Of Literature Review A literature review is defined as target to show important facts regarding approaches on a topic in the methodological method. It also means they are not primary sources because it is not original or new work. 1.2 Definition Of Leadership Leadership is become very much on every managers mind today in organizations. Originations are struggling due to the increasingly dynamic environment. As the challenges of leading and managing increase, leaders of organizations need to understand process, skills and knowledge to perform leader functions effectively. 1.3 Definition Of Motivation Motivation is the willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the efforts ability to satisfy some individual need (Belasen Frank, 2008). Motivating employees are one of the continual challenges of managerial behaviour, that are also managers fundamental reasons for engaging in various activities and work. 1.4 Introduction Of KFC Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), as we all know is one of the popular fast food outlets worldwide with the theme Its finger lickin good. The first KFC outlet in Malaysia was opened on 1st January 1973 at Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kuala Lumpur. Today there are more than 390 KFC outlets nationwide and are still counting. Great tasting chicken has become synonymous with KFC and has been enjoyed by Malaysians ever since. The KFC we will be talking about is in Nilai, Negeri Sembilan. 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Defining Leadership Leadership can be defined as the process whereby one individual influence other group members towards attaining defined group or organizational goals (Orlando, 2008). More important, successful organizations need effective leadership, who are capable of increasing an organizations employee motivation; in turn improve the overall performance and organizational productivity (Richard, 2007). In addition, Drucker in his The Leader of the Future sums up leadership as The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers. It is said that many of the worlds best leaders do not have the integrity as well as certain values which wont be discussed in the modern days. In my opinion, leadership is different from management. Managers have subordinates which are below them while leaders have people who follow them. Managers will normally utilize their position of power in order to do things. In the process of work, managers orders his or her employees while they will follow because of the reward given which is the minimum of their salary. Looking at the other way round, leaders gives up their authoritarian control, due to their followers which follows them in a voluntary way. 2.2 Leadership Theories Terry (2000) has highlighted that leadership is an influence relationship between leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes. Block (2002) has noted that as a process, leadership is, ideally the use of non-coercive influence to shape the groups or organizations goals, motivate behavior towards the achievement of those goals and help define group or organizational culture. Effective Leadership Russell, (2000) defined effective leader as those leaders who are able to improve organization productivities, in turn develop distinctive competitive advantages for organizations. In other words, effective leaders usually have an inspiring vision; they will try to form a group of people to work as a team, making them into a powerful team which utilizes as a competitive advantage. Effective leaders know how to make people function according to what they are good at, and how to motivate them to excel their performance. Leaders need to understand the balance technique in any individual team members quest with the objective of creating synergy. Leaders need his or her members in their team to forego the goal for the individual best coherent with the effort of the whole team. 2.3 Leadership Style Autocratic vs. Democratic vs. Laissez-faire leadership style Taggart (1989) defined that, broad classification of leadership style consists of authoritarian (or autocratic) style, democratic style and laissez-faire (genuine) style. The definition of autocratic style is: It is where the focus of power is with the manager, and all interactions within the group move towards the manager. The manager alone exercises decision-making and authority for determining policy, procedures for achieving goals. Work tasks and relationships, control of rewards or punishments. Kotter (1990) expressed Democratic leadership style takes wishes and suggestions of employees into consideration. It is more a human relations approach, in which all members of the group are seen as equal, and they are all important contributors to the final decision. Laissez-faire leadership style involves limited control or influence of leaders over his or her group members. A member is given a goal and mostly left alone to decide how to achieve it. The leaders function as one of the group member, and he only provide direction and suggestions when necessary. Task Orientation and People Oriented Leader Behavior Another way of looking at different leadership styles is in terms of dimension of leader behavior. As early as 1950s, a large body of research at University of Michigan and Ohio State University suggested that leaders differ greatly along the dimensions; at the high end of two dimensions is task orientation versus people orientation. Task Orientation leader behavior is more concern about the production and primarily focus on getting the job done. Whereas the People Orientation leader behavior reflects how much a leader is concerned for the people around him, providing support and encouragement for them. There is no hundred percent right or wrong in using which leader behavior, it depends on the situation and organizations nature business. 2.4 Situational Factors Path-goal Theory Different organization has different business environment, we must take the situational factors into the consideration to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the leadership. Bartram Casimir (2007) cited in Houses path-goal theory argued that the primary function of a leaders job is to coach and guide workers to choose the best path for reaching their goals, in the mean time to make valued rewards available in the work place. In short, the leader should clearly know the paths to achieve goals. As showed in the path-goal framework, the path-goal theory contends that employees tend to listen to leaders who are play an helping role in their works, in other words, effective leaders clarifying what employees need to do to get to where they should be, and they help the employees to do so. Moreover, Stone Russell (2004) argued that the theory suggests job satisfaction, motivation, and actual performance are enhanced. In addition, path-goal theory also states four types of leadership behaviors to help their employees accomplishing tasks. (1) Directive leadership, which is an approach focused on providing specific guide and on planning work rules and schedules. (2) The supportive leadership mainly focuses on build good relations with employees and fulfills their needs and wants. (3) The participative leadership, whereby the leader allow employees to get involved in the decision making process. (4) The achievement oriented leadership is talking about the company leader who sets challenges and expects employees improve performances. Furthermore, the environmental characteristics include three factors like task structure, authority system and work group. Directive leadership style does not match with high task structure. It is not necessarily for leaders to repeatedly tell employees the requirement of some routine works. The authority system is another important characteristic that will affect the leadership styles. The higher degree of formality the less effective of employees performances will show. Source: House, R.J. Mitchell, T.R. 1994, Path-goal theory of leadership, Journal of Contemporary Business, vol. 3, pp. 21-36. 3.0 Conclusion and Recommendation In sum, developing an effective leadership in organizations is the most essential, yet the most difficult tasks for organization management. Great leadership is the combinations of individual traits, leading skills and of course the situational contexts. As we have discussed above, effective leadership is require both intrapersonal and interpersonal skills. The intrapersonal skills are of paramount important, as it is logical and obvious that success or great leader all start from within. Only with personal inside strong desire to excel, passion, enthusiasm, determination, commitment, faith and effective personal values can a person become a true leader for others. A great leader among the people always starts as a great leader of his own. Then, interpersonal skills come into place, where the ability and skills to network, communicate and interact with the other people come into place. The effective leaders can guide companies through many different channels. Because of this, it is i mportant to know which leadership qualities motivate employees the best. Throughout the analysis and evaluation, there have been many leadership style theories identified. As we have found that, the autocratic leadership style has gone out of fashion in recent years, though certain situations, such as emergencies situations. Therefore, effective leaders must adjust the leadership style to various situations. In that sense, there is no one leadership style is appropriate for every occasion or situation. The most effective style to use depends upon the situation and whether the group members are willing and able to take on the responsibility. To be effective as a leader, its important to know your group in terms of knowledge, ability, desire and willingness, and be ready to adapt your style to suit the dynamic environment. An important task in the coming years will be the training and testing of future leaders. Further more, organizations have to have a bigger picture of long term success, that is strengthening leadership competencies will improve organizational effectiveness. When subordinates trusted their leaders leadership, and they deem it is equitable for them to obtain satisfactory rewards and outcomes when they made the greatest efforts. Therefore, effective leadership leads to a positive motivation and motivated employees will satisfy the customers of the organizations. In a long-term, it will help organization creating or maintaining a sustainable organizational competitive advantage. References Svensson, G Wood, G. (2007). Sustainable leadership ethics: a continuous and iterative process. Retrieved on March 10, 2010, from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleHYPERLINK http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220280304.htmlHYPERLINK http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220280304.htmlFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220280304.html Belasen, A Frank, N. (2008). Competing values leadership: quadrant roles and personality traits. Retrieved on March 10, 2010, from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleHYPERLINK http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220290202.htmlHYPERLINK http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220290202.htmlFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220290202.html Hay, A Hodgkinson, M. (2006). Rethinking leadership: a way forward for teaching leadership? 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Retrieved on March 10, 2010, from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleHYPERLINK http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220290604.htmlHYPERLINK http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220290604.htmlFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220290604.html Bartram, T Casimir, G. (2007). The relationship between leadership and follower in-role performance and satisfaction with the leader. Retrieved on March 10, 2010, from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleHYPERLINK http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220280101.htmlHYPERLINK http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220280101.htmlFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220280101.html Richard K.(2007). A strategic approach for integrating theory to practice in leadership development. 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Retrieved on March 10, 2010, from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleHYPERLINK http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220210401.htmlHYPERLINK http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220210401.htmlFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220210401.html Block, L. (2002). The leadership-culture connection: an exploratory investigation. 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Retrieved on March 10, 2010, from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleHYPERLINK http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220220204.htmlHYPERLINK http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?contentType=ArticleFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220220204.htmlFilename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0220220204.html Taggart, J. 1989, Motivation and Leadership: For Executive Members, Managers, Committee Chairs, Factsheet: Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food, No.89-178. Kotter, J 1990, A force for Change: How leadership differs from management, Free Press, New York. House, R.J. Mitchell, T.R. 1994, Path-goal theory of leadership, Journal of Contemporary Business, vol. 3, pp. 21-36.

Do Creationism and Intelligent Design Have a Place in the Classroom? Es

Surveys show that fifty percent of adults in Turkey, forty percent in the USA and fifteen percent in the UK reject the theory of evolution and believe that life on Earth came into existence as described in the religious texts (Jones and Reiss, 2007; Miller; Scott and Okamoto, 2006; Lawes, 2009). President G. W. Bush commented as follow: Both sides ought to be taught properly...so people can understand what the debate is about....Part of education is to expose people to different schools of thoughts....You’re asking me whether or not people ought to be exposed to different ideas, and the answer is yes (Baker and Slevin, 2005). However other views have been reported in the literature. Pennock (2007: 72) summarizes his position as follows: What should be educators’ and citizens’ response when IDC’s lobby in Kansas and elsewhere to ‘teach the controversy’? We should respond with a slogan of our own: Teach only real science in science classes, not creationist pseudoscience. Jackson in his essay â€Å"The Personal and the Professional in the Teaching of Evolution† shares similar opinions (2007). In 2006, The Times published an article by Halpin reporting the inclusion of creationism in a new biology syllabus produced by the OCR exam board. James Williams, science course leader at Sussex University's School of Education, told the Times Educational Supplement: "This opens a legitimate gate for the inclusion of creationism or intelligent design in science classes as if they were legitimate theories on a par with evolution fact and theory.† The OCR exam board argued that the aim of the syllabus was to make students aware of scientific controversy in accordance to the QCA guidelines (QCA, 2007: 37): Students should be taught how scientif... ...theory and the notion of an old Earth/universe are supported by a mass and evidence and fully accepted by the scientific community (DCSF, 2007). It seems unreasonable to say that creationist explanations and beliefs lie outside the science classroom and will not be addressed without any further discussion (Anderson, 2007; Smith, Siegel and McInerney, 1995). Addressing the validity of evolution or issues about creationism and intelligent design in science lessons could be valuable when illustrating the aspects of how science works such as how scientific knowledge and scientific ideas evolve and how the scientific community invalidates those changes. The role of effective teaching is surely to help students learn about the theory of evolution and appreciate the ways of science, its limitations and how scientific knowledge might differ from other forms of knowledge.

Performance and Safety of Hydraulic Turbines

Research Paper M.V. Sai Ram AP17110020010 Branch: ECEHYDRAULIC TURBINES:Abstract: The first part of the paper contains the choice of small turbines for run of the river power plants. Then a discussion is given on the optimization of the performance of different types of large turbines. Finally a discussion on the safety and necessary maintenance of turbines is given with special attention to bolt connections.A set of empirical equations has been developed which defines the peak efficiency and shape of the efficiency curve for hydraulic turbines as a function commissioning date for the unit, rated head, rated flow, runner speed, and runner throat or impulse turbine jet diameter. The aim of this investigation was to develop an environmentally friendly nano -hydraulic turbine utilizing waterfalls. A model of an impulse type hydraulic turbine constructed and tested with an indoor type waterfall to arrive at an optimum installation condition. Effects of an installation parameter, namely distance between the rotor and the waterfall on the power performance were studied. The flow field around the rotor was examined visually to clarify influences of installation conditions on the flow field. The flow visualization showed differences of flow pattern around the rotor by the change of flow rate and rotational speed of the rotor.Every single turbine is custom-designed specifically to meet the requirements of a hydroelectric power plant. Performance of a designed turbine is validated, to some extent, by computational fluid dynamics simulations. Field performance testing of hydraulic turbines is undertaken to define the head-power-discharge relationship that identifies the peak operating point of the turbine. This relationship is essential for the efficient operation of a hydraulic turbine. The art of hydraulic turbine design never stands still but always progresses. In recent years major emphasis has been on the materials of construction and on such features of design as will reduce maintenance work and costly outages in the field.LimitationsHydro power plant or we can say that hydraulic turbines are widely used from the last decades. It is an efficient renewable energy source. There are many up and downs. Hence there Some limitations as shown in below,1.It is a renewable energy source. Water energy can be used again and again.2.the running cost of turbine or less compare to other.3.It has high efficiency.4.It does not pollute environment.5.It is to maintain.

Multi User Operating Systems Essay

An operating system is a set of software programs, which manage computer hardware in a controlled fashion. The operating system controls the file-system, process management, memory management and peripherals. Multi-user operating systems are used on large mainframe computers. A mainframe computer system has one very powerful processing unit, which may contain many microprocessors. Many users will all share this processing unit. They use terminals (a keyboard and a monitor) to access the mainframe computer. A multi-user operating system lets more that one user work on a mainframe computer at the same time. Features of a MUOS The main features of multi user operating systems are resource sharing, multi tasking and background processing.  · Using resource sharing in a multi-user operating system allocates the CPU time of the mainframe computer between the different users. Each user in turn is given a small time slice of the CPU time. Because these time slices are very small the users believe that they are all using the mainframe at the same time. Resource sharing also lets users share peripherals such as printers or hard drives and also lets users share files on a network.  · Multi-tasking lets the operating system run more than one program at a time. One example of a multi tasking could be editing a word document while browsing the Internet. The way this is done is by the processor using time slicing.  · Background processing is a term which means when commands are not processed straight away but rather executed â€Å"in the background†, often while other programs are interfacing with the system in real time. Types of MUOS There are three main types of multi user operating system. These are distributed systems, time sliced systems and multi processor systems.  · In a distributed system, to the user it appears to be a single computer system but in fact is made up from a number of different host computers, which are connected together. This is completely hidden from the user. All decisions about what computer each user will connect to would be taken by the distributed system’s operating system. Each individual host within such a distributed could be any type of computer at all.  · Time sliced systems split each users time of use of the system to fairly allocate each user a fair amount of time of use. These time slices are so small that it appears to the user that their programs are running continuously when in fact the CPU is jumping from user to user. Each time slice is milliseconds long so each user is actually given several time slices every second. The more each user tries to do the slower their programs will run as their time slice has to split between their different tasks.  · Multi processor systems use more than one processor in a single computer to make themselves much more powerful and relieve the load of sharing the operating system and CPU. Users will again be distributed time slices but since there will be more than one processor there will be more allocation of time to each user rather than if there were only one processor. Main Components of a MUOS There are many components that are needed to run a multi user operating system. These include the processor, memory, data storage devices, terminals and input/output devices.  · The processor, also known as CPU or central processing unit In  terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system. The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the processor or central processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place. On large machines, CPUs require one or more printed circuit boards. On personal computers and small workstations, the CPU is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor.  · Memory refers to the physical memory that is internal to the computer. Sometimes mistaken for mass storage devices such as hard drives the word ‘main’ is used to differentiate it from this. Memory is usual known as RAM or Random Access Memory. The computer can only manipulate data that is in main memory, therefore, every program that you execute and every file that you access must be copied from a storage device such as a hard drive into main memory. The amount of main memory on a computer is crucial because it determines how many programs can be run at one time and how much data can be readily available to a program.  · There is a couple of data storage devices used in multi user operating systems. The term usually refers to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives or tape drives. Large amounts of data such as the operating system itself and any other programs that are installed on the computer are all kept on such devices so that can be accessed by the RAM and then processed to be used by the user. The main types of storage are: – o Hard disk drives: The most common type of mass data storage used on a computer because of the large amounts of data which can be held and the speed it can be accessed at. o Floppy disks: Much slower than hard drives and hold very little data but are easy portable and inexpensive. o Optical disks: This method uses lasers to read and write data. Optical drives hold a large capacity but are not as fast as hard drives but are as portable as floppy disks and with the right equipment (CD Writer) can be used to read and write data. o Tapes: Not too expensive and hold large amounts of data but do not permit random access of data.  · There are two main types of terminal used to access multi user operating systems. One is a dumb terminal, which just consists of a computer and a keyboard, but practically no processing power. They allow a user to carry out work on the remote server, minicomputer or mainframe. Smart terminals provide additional resources to perform local editing and simple processing. Basically, smart terminals are low cost PC platforms with no external storage like hard drives booting from a network.  · Input/Output devices refers to devices with allow the user to put data and receive data to and from the computer system. For instance an input device may be a keyboard or a mouse and output devices can be things such as monitors and printers. Software Components of a MUOS The main software components of a multi user operating system are the kernel, device handlers, spoolers and the user interface.  · The kernel of an operating system is the most protected and privileged layer of the operating system and acts as a timekeeper and regulator for the system, controlling any time slicing for multi user or multi tasking functions. This ensures fairness in the way resources are allocated and used, and dealing with interrupts having different priorities, which arrive to signal internal and external events.  · A device handler is a small program, which controls a particular type of device connected to a computer. There are device drivers for every hardware component on a computer. If a complex device is added to the machine then a device handler must be added to the operating software because this will contain the code needed to communicate with the device.  · A spooler puts jobs on a queue and takes them off one at a time. Most operating systems come with one or more spoolers, such as a print spooler for spooling documents. In addition, some applications include spoolers. Many word processors, for example, include their own print spooler. A good print spooler should allow you to change the order of documents in the queue and to cancel specific print jobs. Acronym for simultaneous peripheral operations on-line, spooling refers to putting jobs in a buffer, a special area in memory or on a disk where a device can access them when it is ready. Spooling is useful because devices access data at different rates. The buffer provides a waiting station where data can rest while the slower device catches up.  · The user interface is the junction between a user and a computer program. An interface is a set of commands or menus through which a user communicates with a program. A command-driven interface is one in which you enter commands. A menu-driven interface is one in which you select command choices from various menus displayed on the screen. The user interface is one of the most important parts of any program because it determines how easily you can make the program do what you want. A powerful program with a poorly designed user interface has little value. Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that use windows, icons, and pop-up menus have become standard on personal computers.